Some studies have shown that a relationship exists between hepatitis C (HCV) infection and type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. However the precise mechanism remains unclear.

A research article published on April 7, 2009 in the World Journal of Gastroenterology addresses this question. The research team led by Professor Fan from the Department of Infectious Disease of the People's Liberation Army 161 Hospital in Wuhan used IgH rearrangement and immunohistochemistry. Various research studies indicated a relationship between the B-cell clonality with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and this article further investigates the risk for developing malignant lymphoproliferative disease in the HCV-infected patients with B-cell clonality in the liver.

Liver-infiltrating monoclonal B-cells were detected in the liver of 4 (10%) of 40 HCV-positive patients but were present in only 3 (0.37%) of 808 liver biopsy specimens with chronic HBV infection. Chi-square tesing showed the monoclonal B-cells infiltrating in the liver were more frequent in the HCV-infected patients (P=0.000).A clonal IgH rearrangement was detected in 5 (71.4%) of 7 liver biopsy specimens with monoclonal B-cells infiltration. In 2 of 5 patients with both a clonal B-cell expansion and monoclonal B-cells infiltration in the liver, a definite B-cell malignancy was finally diagnosed.

Recent reports have highlighted the importance of antiviral treatment in the HCV-infected patient with B-cell clonality in the liver. This is the first study to analyze the association of monoclonal B-cells infiltrating in the liver with the B-cell clonality. Furthermore, our follow up study showed that lymphoma developed more frequently in the patients who had monoclonal B-cells infiltration and B-cell proliferation in the liver. The presence of a B-cell clonality and monoclonal B-cells infiltrating in the liver may be useful for detecting patients at high risk for developing malignant lymphoproliferative disease. The study results suggest a strategy for antiviral treatment in patients at risk for B-cell malignancy.

Notes:

Reference: Fan HB, Zhu YF, Chen AS, Zhou MX, Yan FM, Ma XJ, Zhou H. B-cell clonality in the liver of hepatitis C virus-infected patients. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(13): 1636-1640

wjgnet/1007-9327/15/1636.asp

Correspondence to: Dr. He-Bin Fan, Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Liberation Army 161 Hospital, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China.

Source:
Lin Tian
World Journal of Gastroenterology